Trash in Your Trash? Reducing Contamination Among Recyclables and Compostables

Contamination is a top concern for us at the U-M Waste Reduction and Recycling Office (WRRO) and it should be one for you too. Contamination occurs when trash and other things that don’t belong are collected with recyclables and compostables. Plastic bags, glass containers, and light bulbs are just a few of the items considered recycling contaminates at U-M. Anything that’s not food waste, like a coffee cup or plastic fork, is considered a contaminate among compostables.

However, if you attend a Zero Waste Event, the cups, plates, napkins, and cutlery you throw away will all be compostable due to their special design.

Recycling Contamination

U-M sends mixed recyclables to a Materials Recovery Facility. There, the recyclables are sorted, baled, and sold.

Keeping recycling contamination rates low is required in order to:

• Prevent unsafe working conditions for sorters
• Maintain the quality and financial value of our recyclables
• Prevent damage to machinery

U-M is allowed a 9% contamination rate in our recyclables. The contamination rate is not set at  0% because the recyclables will be thoroughly sorted.

What is U-M doing to reduce contamination among recyclables?

The WRRO maintains recycle.umich.edu, a website that provides all the information you need to figure out what you can and can’t recycle at U-M. The WRRO also publishes this blog in addition to posting on social media to spread the word about best recycling practices. Rufus the Recycler is also a diligent figure on campus during fall and winter semesters, educating students about recycling at U-M.

New recycling bin signs are also in development to be standardized across the University. The new signs will make it easier for you to know exactly what you should put in the recycling bin or the trash bin.

Compostables Contamination

U-M sends compostable food waste to WeCare Organics, the private operator of the City of Ann Arbor’s compost center. There, food waste eventually decomposes, becomes compost, and is sold as fertilizer or soil adamant.

Compostables are not sorted, requiring that all the material we send to WeCare Organics must decompose. This means that U-M must be more strict in its efforts to reduce contamination among compostables than it is with recyclables. After all, you wouldn’t want to find a plastic cup mixed in with the compost you purchased for your garden.

What is U-M doing to reduce food waste contamination?

While we can’t sort through food waste, we can make sure that what we originally put in the compost bin is a compostable. Pre-consumer food waste is collected by trained staff in the prep kitchens of U-M dining halls and catering locations. The East Quad dining hall also processes post-consumer food waste through a pulper, extracting water, before sending it to the Compost Center.

In addition to the standardization of recycling signs, compost signs will be updated and standardized to improve the understanding of what compostables are.

So what can YOU do to reduce contamination among recyclables and compostables?

• Be mindful of what you put into the recycling bin or compost bin.
• Remember, when in doubt, throw it out.
• Take advantage of the resources provided by the WRRO and educate yourself about what is recyclable and compostable at U-M. Visit recycle.umich.edu!

Coffee Waste

What's the first thing you do in the morning? For many of us, it's the routine action of filling up the coffee pot and measuring out coffee grounds. The day just doesn’t start until after having that first hot cup of liquid caffeine.

Coffee wakes us up, but many of us are still sleeping through the alarm that is the enormous amount of coffee related waste. Fortunately, there are innovative ways to handle this waste from coffee production to the coffee in your hand.

Coffee waste commonly comes in three forms: cherry pulp, used coffee grounds, and coffee accessories.  

Cherry Pulp

To get a coffee bean, you need to extract the seed from a coffee cherry. While the coffee bean will processed, exported, and made into a delicious cup of joe, the cherry is often discarded. Imagine for every coffee bean you bought from the store there was a matching cherry thrown away.

Here are some ways that coffee farmers and companies are reducing coffee pulp waste:

Cattle feed

• Coffee pulp can replace commercial concentrates in cattle feed, meaning more savings for local farmers and boost to the agricultural economy in coffee-growing countries!

Mushroom growing substrate

• Coffee farmers can also use coffee pulp to create a substrate for mushrooms to grow in. Coffee pulp encourages fast growth and the mushrooms mean extra income for coffee farmers.   

Coffee flour

• Coffee pulp can also be made into flour for baking! The flour doesn’t taste like coffee at all and it's gluten free.

Used Coffee Grounds

We all know what used coffee grounds are, but did you know that they can be used in…

Jeans

• Each pair of Denim X Cafe jeans made by American Eagle Outfitters is made with 2.25 grams of used coffee grounds.

Furniture

• Designer, Adam Fairweather, creates furniture made with materials containing 60% used coffee grounds.

Compost

• Anyone can dispose their coffee grounds into the compost bin!

Biofuel

• A company called Bio-bean transforms old coffee beans into pellets that are used to heat homes.

Coffee Accessories

Coffee accessories are all of extra items that go along with preparing and serving coffee for the consumer. While that coffee stirrer and Starbucks cup may seem like a small amount of waste, thousands of people are throwing away filters, cups, stirrers, coffee sleeves, and sugar packets every day!

Here are some tips to reduce the waste incurred by preparing your favorite cup of coffee:

• Use a reusable mug or to-go cup when you purchase a drink from the coffee shop. You’ll often get a discounted price for doing so! If you’re planning on staying in the shop while you enjoy your beverage, ask for the drink to be prepared “for here” so that the barista know to give you a mug instead of a throw away cup.
• Use creamer and sweetener from a bulk container instead of individual packages and use a reusable spoon to mix
• When you make coffee at home, use a compostable coffee filter and throw both the grounds and the filter into the compost bin once your brew is ready. You could even try a reusable metal mesh filter too!
• Skip the Keurig, if you want individual coffee portions tryout a French press. A French press will cost you 10% of what a Keurig machine would and you won’t being throwing away dozens of non-recyclable plastic k-cups.

Want to learn more about the coffee waste reduction methods mentioned in this blog? Check out these websites!

http://www.coffeeflour.com/

http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/origin-green-ireland-partner-zone/2015/sep/01/five-companies-using-waste-products-in-surprising-ways

http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2015/may/05/the-uk-company-turning-coffee-waste-into-furniture

http://www.sustainableamerica.org/blog/6-ways-the-coffee-industry-is-turning-waste-into-a-resource/

http://www.perfectdailygrind.com/2015/10/how-can-we-minimise-waste-in-the-coffee-industry/

http://zagat.blogspot.com/2015/02/national-coffee-trends-revealed.html

http://www.gizmag.com/used-coffee-grounds-biofuels/39731/

How to Reduce Textile Waste

What do you do with clothing that’s broken, old, or no longer fits? What about shoes? Accessories? Towels? Bedding? These are just some of the items that make up the 25 billion pounds of textile waste produced every year in the U.S.

While 15% of textile waste is donated or recycled (roughly 12 pounds per person), a staggering 85% (70 pounds per person) of textile waste is sent to landfills. Textile waste makes up more than 5.2% of all municipal solid waste generated in the U.S.and unfortunately, that number is growing.

So what can we do to reduce textile waste? If you guessed reduce, reuse, recycle then you’re right! Here’s how:

Reduce - Buy less stuff

• Plan your shopping. When you shop with the purpose of buying what you need, your chance of making an impulse buy drops dramatically. This means you’ll have less unnecessary items stuck in the back of your closet.
• Be thoughtful as you shop. When you do need to make a purchase, consider the lifespan of the item. Will the item last multiple washes? Will it go out of season in a month? While it might cost you a little more upfront, buying a well made item can save you money in the future when you don't have to keep replacing a poorly made one.
• Borrow clothing! If you have special event to go to, check out a friend’s closet before you hit the sales rack. It’ll save you some money too.

Reuse- Get creative

The Getup Vintage

• Extend the life of a product by repurposing it. If you find clothing, sheets, or towels with holes in them, cut them into smaller strips to use as rags for cleaning! You can also upcycle t-shirts into completely different items like a rug or a produce bag. Learn how to here!
• Purchase clothing, shoes, and accessories from vintage clothing stores or secondhand shops. Reducing textile waste doesn’t mean sacrificing fashion! There are many great second hand shops in Ann Arbor, but if you’re looking for vintage fashion head over to The Getup Vintage, conveniently located close to campus! This store stocks beautiful secondhand clothing, you won’t even remember that your purchase will help to reduce textile waste!
• Donate your textiles to charity or resell your gently used clothing!

Recycle- Say goodbye

• Take your clothing to a municipal recycler to be recycled. Recycle Ann Arbor accepts torn or stained textiles and linens at their drop off station. Charities will also resell textiles to be recycled. Textiles are recycled and converted into reclaimed wiping rags that are often used in as industrial and residential absorbents. Textiles can also be recycled into fibers which are then used to made insulation, carpet padding and other raw materials for the automotive industry.

References

______________

Council for Textile Recycling. (n.d.). Retrieved June 09, 2016, from http://www.weardonaterecycle.org/about/clothing-life-cycle.html

Lombardo, C. (Ed.). (2013, December 22). The Impulse Shopping Fact Sheet. Retrieved June 09, 2016, from http://betabait.com/the-impulse-shopping-fact-sheet/

7 Tips to Reduce Waste This Summer

Carefree summer days are upon us! Now that you find yourself on the go and spending more time outdoors, you may need a few tips to help you reduce waste this season.

Exercising
1. If the warm weather motivates you to exercise outdoors, add filling up a reusable water  bottle to your routine or make sure to recycle a non-reusable plastic bottle.

2. Want to reduce your carbon footprint while staying active? Try bicycling to work if you  live close enough!

Don't Forget the Doggy Bag

3. Fido is also going to want to explore the great outdoors this summer too. When you  take your dog for walks either in the park or in your neighborhood, make sure to pick up  your pet’s waste. Dog waste can become a major source of water contamination if pet  owners don’t pick up after their dog.

Forget the Styrofoam

4. If you’re planning an excursion to the park or beach, pack the picnic in a reusable    cooler and bring reusable utensils. You can also pack food in Tupperware! This way you  can skip worrying about where to put your waste (you won't have any!) and you can spend  your time enjoying the outdoors.

Entertaining
5. If you’re planning a summer barbecue, take some steps to reduce waste. Using reusable plates and utensils will impress your guests, especially if you pair them with a  tablecloth or placemats! While you may have to load the dishwasher later, know that you’ve diverted a lot of waste from the landfill.If you have access to composting, you could also purchase compostable plates, cups, and utensils to avoid the wash up after your event!

In the Backyard

6. Start a compost pile in your backyard to divert waste from the landfill! You can throw  your yard clipping and kitchen scraps into the compost pile. Learn how to here.

7. Leave your grass clippings on the ground! Not only will this reduce waste, but the grass  clippings will return valuable nutrients to the soil and it will mean less work for you.

Have fun this summer and reduce waste!

Reducing Food Waste on Campus

Reducing Food Waste on Campus

Food. It’s amazing. We all know this to be true. 

What’s not amazing about food, is that nearly 40% of food in America is wasted. Can you imagine throwing away 40% of your pizza? Well probably not because that would be crazy.

While we may not be throwing out perfectly good pizzas (cringes), we often waste food because we don’t plan very well. We’ve all opened our refrigerators and pulled out a half-full carton of strawberries only to find them sporting a furry layer of mold. 

Being conscious of how much food we eat or throw away can be challenging. When you’re a university student or simply purchasing food from a campus market or cafe, you might not have much control over where your food waste goes or how much waste is produced from preparing your food.

That’s why it’s so important that MDining is dedicated to reducing food waste on campus. There are different strategies that the dining halls uses to limit food waste as well other types of waste.

Off the truck

• Cardboard boxes and plastic wrapping from storing and shipping food are all recycled behind the scenes.

In the kitchen

• All pre-consumer waste in the MDining kitchens is taken to to the City of Ann Arbor Compost Site, operated by WeCare Organics.
• Pre-consumer waste includes things like carrot peels and onion skins.
• At the South Quad dining hall, food headed toward the compost pile is run through a pulper and extractor. This process extracts water from food waste and reduces its volume which can make it easier to transport.
• The student group, Food Recovery Network, collects surplus food and donates to food banks and people in need.

On your plate

• “Just ask!” The dining halls use small plates which lets you try different foods without creating a lot of waste. So when you want a little more of a particular dish, just ask!
• Tray-less dining is implemented at all of the dining halls. This lets you plan your meals carefully and you waste less food.
• All of teabags and coffee stirrers are compostable or recyclable as well. 

Sustainable Dining Programs New to Campus

MDining is also working on new projects to extend post consumer composting to cafe locations on campus. Be sure to stop by the Fields Café in Palmer Commons this summer to check out their post-consumer composting pilot program. 

Unlike the current cafe locations on campus, the Fields Café allows customers to choose the type of eating utensils (to-go plastic or silverware) and encourages customers to use the bulk style condiments and hot beverage creamers and sweeteners. This cafe also incorporates local and sustainable sourced ingredients in its farm-to-table menu. 

Whats unique to this composting pilot program is its method of limiting contamination. Contamination occurs when people accidentally put non-compostable items, like plastic, into the compost bin.

The signage for the compost bins at this cafe will include images of all the specific menu items that can be composted. All you need to do is check the sign to see if what you ordered is on the compost list. Say goodbye to deliberating between the compost bin and the trash bin.

Keep your eyes open for a similar program starting at the School of Public Health JavaBlu café. 

Flint Water Bottle Crisis

Flint Water Bottle Crisis

In the midst of one environmental crisis another one emerges.

Without access to safe drinking water, Flint residents have been forced to get water from their one alternative—the plastic bottle. Now they are faced with the challenge of disposing millions of empty water bottles.

One Flint family uses 151, 16. 9 oz. water bottles per day.[1]

The state has already distributed more than 176,000 cases of bottled water, but the total number of used up bottles will keep growing.[2] Even celebrities are involved in donating bottled water. In January Puff Daddy and Mark Wahlberg donated one million bottles[3]. Until Flint residents have access to safe drinking water, they will continue to rely on these donations.

The fear is that most of these water bottles will end up in a landfill instead of being recycled. While Flint does have a curbside recycling program, very few people use it or even know about it. The recycling program is new, running for just two years, with only 13-16% participation.[4] Current recycling bins are overflowing, but there are still not enough bins distributed to residents in order to capture all of the empty plastic bottles.

Republic Services, the company handling Flint’s waste and recycling, has the resources to recycle all of these bottles. The problem is educating Flint residents about their recycling program. In his interview with Michigan Radio, Steve Montle, a consultant with Resource Recycling Systems, explains that it will take money to establish a successful public education program to get residents recycling.[5]

At the Flint Muslim Food Pantry, every case of water comes

with a note asking residents to recycle their used water bottles.

Despite the risk that this massive influx of plastic may be directed towards the landfill, Montle emphasizes an upside to these events. As more bottles are recycled, the more financially successful Flint’s recycling program will become.[6] However, it will take more people recycling in Flint to see this benefit.

Republic Services, public schools, and local food banks are developing recycling education programs to promote higher recycling participation rates. 

Listen to Michigan Radio’s full Environmental Report here.

References

---

[1] Zdanowicz, C. (2016, March 7). Flint family uses 151 bottles of water per day. Retrieved May 17, 2016, from http://www.cnn.com/2016/03/05/us/flint-family-number-daily-bottles-of-water/

[2] Adams, D. (2016, January 28). Millions of plastic bottles flood Flint amid water crisis. Retrieved May 17, 2016, from http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2016/01/millions_of_plastic_bottles_fl.html

[3] Chuck, E. (2016, January 28). Flint's Next Issue: What to Do With Empty Water Bottles? Retrieved May 17, 2016, from http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/flint-water-crisis/flint-s-next-issue-what-do-empty-water-bottles-n505781

http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2016/01/millions_of_plastic_bottles_fl.html

[4] [5] [6] Williams, R. (2016, January 28). Flint does have a recycling program, but not a lot of people use it. Retrieved May 17, 2016, from http://michiganradio.org/post/flint-does-have-recycling-program-not-lot-people-use-it#stream/0

 

recycled art: an unconventional way to reduce waste

Recycled Art

We live in the time of K-cups and plastic bags—a use-it-once mentality. Most people don’t think twice before throwing away their Starbucks coffee cup and once it enters the bin, its fate becomes a mystery. However, readers of this U-M Recycling blog have most likely thought about their waste. You’ve wondered if something was compostable or suggested to a friend that they should recycle that newspaper, but have you ever imagined that what you throw in the bin could take on a new life, before it hits the trash pile? Artists across the world are reimagining lives for the things we commonly throw away. It’s called recycled art. 

The artists behind recycled art take the items we throw away and turn them into something entirely new. These materials connect us to the artwork and prompt us to consider our own waste. While these exceptional creations may be unconventional, we can look to them and ask ourselves how we reduce waste in our own lives.

What came first?

Kyle Bean

Kyle Bean is a London artist who uses everyday objects to create his pieces. The image below he has constructed a chicken made from the eggshells that we all find in our kitchen waste. ^[1] If you can compost, then throw your egg shells into the compost bin!

Corner Forest

Yuken Teruya

Based in New York, Yuken Teruya creates artwork inspired by his life in Japan. In his project, Corner Forest, he uses toilet paper rolls to create a forest that appears to be suspended in the air. He describes his role in the piece as “...helping the paper awakens its ability to come to life.”^[2]

While you might not transform your toilet paper rolls into artwork, you can extend their usefulness by putting them in the recycling bin!

  

Tim Noble and Sue Webster

Real Life is Rubbish 

These two British artists use an assortment of items commonly thrown away to assemble sculptures that cast shadows. These shadows create highly accurate profiles of the artists. In this piece, Real Life is Rubbish, 2002, you can find metal and wood scraps, cans, and toilet paper rolls incorporated into the sculpture in addition to countless other items that come from the waste bin.^[3]

Blowing Bubbles

Derek Gores

This New York Artist recycles magazines, labels, and digital materials by creating elaborate collage portraits.^[4]


We all remember making a magazine and newspaper collage in grade school. You can recycle your college reading materials at UMICH if you don’t think you’re up for another round of cut and paste!

Iri5 (“Iris”)

This Chicago based artist recycles cassette tapes to create her unique portraits. ^[5]

While we may not have old cassette tapes lying around anymore, electronic waste is quickly filling up landfill space and may contain potentially hazardous materials. Dispose of your e-Waste responsibly at the annual free e-Waste Recycling Event hosted by the University of Michigan’s Office of Campus Sustainability each spring!

References

---

^[1]  Bean, K. (n.d.). Kyle Bean. Retrieved May 10, 2016, from https://kylebean.co.uk/aboutRecycled Art

^[2]  Teruya, Y. (2003-2009). Corner Forest. Retrieved May 10, 2016, from http://www.yukenteruyastudio.com/projects-1/coner-forest 

^[3]  Noble, T., & Webster, S. (2002). Real Life is Rubbish. Retrieved May 10, 2016, from http://www.timnobleandsuewebster.com/real_life_is_rubbish_2002.html

^[4]  Gores, D. (n.d.). Commissions/Clients. Retrieved May 10, 2016, from http://derekgores.com/about
^[5]  Simmons, E. I. (n.d.). Iri5. Retrieved May 10, 2016, from http://iri5.com/the-artist/